California's relief variation contributes to its incredible ecological diversity.
The Sierra Nevada
The Sierra Nevada mountain range forms an imposing wall along California's eastern border. It contains the highest peak in the lower 48, Mt. Whitney, at 14,505 ft.
Pacific Coast Ranges
Running parallel to the Pacific Ocean, the Coast Ranges create a rugged, folded landscape of steep ridges and valleys.
San Joaquin Valley
The flat San Joaquin Valley in central California provides fertile farmland and drainage for the San Joaquin River system.
Mojave Desert
The hot, dry Mojave Desert covers southeast California, containing arid features like playas, alluvial fans, and salt flats.
Klamath Mountains
The Klamath Mountains span the California-Oregon border, characterized by highly eroded peaks, rivers, and narrow canyons.
Central Valley
The flat, expansive Central Valley stretches down the interior between the Coast Ranges and Sierra Nevada range.
California contains incredible ecological diversity thanks to its vast relief variations from high mountains to low coastal plains and deserts.